Object-oriented programming (OOP)

 

 

Object Oriented Programming :

• Object Oriented programming (OOP) is playing an increasingly significant role in the analysis, design and implementation of software systems. OOP languages provide the programmer the ability to create class hierarchies, instantiate objects and send messages between objects to process themselves.
• Object Oriented means to organize software as a collection of discrete, real-world objects that incorporate both data structure and behavior.
• Object oriented Modeling and Design is a new way of thinking about problems using models organized around real-world concepts. The fundamental construct is the object, which combines both data structure and behavior in a single entity.
• Object oriented models are useful for understanding problems, communicating with application experts, modeling enterprises, preparing documentation and designing programs and databases.
• Object oriented developments is a conceptual process independent of a programming language until the final stage.
• Object oriented programming is a new way of organizing code and data that promises increased control over the complexity of software development process.

Need of Object oriented Programming:

 

• The use of structured programming made more complex programs, less complex and easier to understand. But even with structured programming, when a program reaches a certain size, its complexity exceeds that which a programmer can manage.
  
• To deal with this approach, a new way to program, was invented “Object Oriented Programming”. This method of programming reduces the program complexity by incorporate rating features like inheritance, encapsulation and polymorphism.
• OOP is a way of programming help the programmer to comprehend and manage large and complex programs.
• Object Oriented Programming models real-world objects with software counterparts. It takes advantage of class relationships where objects of certain class have the same of entities called objects.
• OOP takes advantages of inheritance and multiple inheritance relationship where newly created classes of objects are derived by absorbing characteristics of existing classes and adding unique characteristics of their own.

Difference Between Object Oriented Programming and Procedure Oriented Programming

Object Oriented VS Procedure Oriented Programming

Object Oriented Programming	Procedure Oriented Programming
Language is object oriented	Language tend to be action oriented.
The Unit of programming is the Class	The Unit of Programming is the function
OOP Trace on data	POP trace on procedures.
Follow bottom-up approach in program design	Follow top-down approach in program design
Basic building block of OOP is Object	Basic building block of POP is function.
OOP has access specifiers named public, private, protected.	POP does not have any access specifiers.
OOP provide data hiding so it provides more security.	POP does not have any proper way for hiding data so tit is less secure.
In OOP overloading is possible in the form of Function Overloading and Operator Overloading.	In POP, Overloading is not possible
In OOP, objects can move and communicate with each other through member functions.	In POP, data can move freely form function to function in the system.
Example of OOP are  C++, Java, VB.NET, C#, .NET	Examples of POP are C, VB, FORTRAN, Pascal.